Bukit Sapat Hawung, Central Kalimantan - Indonesia

In addition to the famous island of Borneo with vast territory, also has the potential of natural resources and the diversity of flora and fauna that are invaluable. In a place remote northern province of Central Kalimantan precisely in the District of Uut Joyless - District Murung Kingdom there is a row of hills that are part of the upper Barito River (one of the major rivers on Borneo island) into the mountainous habitat of species endemic to Borneo by the people of Central Kalimantan is known as Bukit name Sapat Hawung that are a fraction of the strands Muller Mountains. Locals call this hill the name of "Baring Hawun", where the lay meaning "high hill a large and elongated" and hawun means "dew". So named because of the high mountain peak that extends this part is almost always covered in fog.

Location and Area

Geographically Conservation Area Nature Reserve Bukit Sapat Hawung based Map of Forest Land Use Agreement (TGHK) Central Kalimantan province scale 1: 500,000 of 1982 is located at coordinates 0 ° 19 '56.30 "to 0 ° 47' 04:43 'N latitude and 114 ° 00' 18:05 "up to 115 ° 00 '20.93" longitude with altitude of 200 to 1,800 meters above sea level (asl). Meanwhile, according to the incoming administration in the subdistrict of District Murung Uut Murung Raya Central Kalimantan Province, located in the working area of ​​the Conservation Section of the management of Muara Teweh Region III - Natural Resource Conservation Center of Central Kalimantan Province.

Based on Map of Forest Stewardship Plans Inauguration and State of Central Kalimantan provincial, scale 1: 500,000 in 1982, the Conservation Area Sapat Hawung Hill Nature Reserve covering an area of ​​239,000 acres ±, adjacent to:
- North: Bordering the Province of East Kalimantan
- East: Bordering the Province of East Kalimantan
- South: Limited Production Forest (HPT)
- West: Protected Forest Hill Tutacaru

Accessibility

To reach the area, from Palangkaraya (Central Kalimantan province capital) can be reached by plane to the pioneering Teweh Estuary (North Barito regency) or Puruk Cahu (District Murung Kingdom) for ± 1 hour 30 minutes or via ground transportation for ± 6-8 hours to Teweh Estuary. Furthermore, from Muara Teweh to Puruk Cahu by ± 102 km distance can be reached by land transportation for ± 4 hours.

Access to the area for Sapat Hawung Hill Nature Preserve including difficult. From Puruk Cahu to the village around the area (village or village Kelasin Keramu) reached by land transportation for ± 5 hours due to unfavorable road conditions. Next to enter the Conservation Area Sapat Hawung Hill Nature Reserve can be reached via several children Joyless River (river Shame, River Tubes and River Maggots) using a small klotok or cess (as the local community in the form of water transportation sampan boat made of wood fitted with machine) .


Flora and Fauna

Conservation Area Nature Reserve Bukit Sapat Hawung including wet tropical rain forest type dominated highland families Dipterocarpaceae (Meranti group). The types of flora, among others, is breaking loose, keruing, Nyatoh, Mahang, Chronic Damn, Ulin, various types of Orchids, Palm mountain, pulut Rattan, Rattan manau, Meranti Copper, stretched, Rengas, Ivory Wood, Waru Mount, Simpur, Durian / Karantungan, White Meranti, arranging, and Jabon Bungur.

Study of ethnobotany in tumbles Tujang (one of the villages buffer) revealed the presence of 44 plant species commonly used for medicinal, 46 species of plants commonly used as a vegetable, and 26 plant species are categorized as traditional wood (plant species that plays an important role in the tradition local community rituals, and protected by custom).

The types of fauna that live in the area of ​​Nature Conservation Reserve Mount Sapat Hawung include hornbill, Orangutan, Borneo gibbon, Murai Batu Bird, Peacock, Monkey, Snake, Mouse Deer, Deer, Pig, Bear Honey and poisonous frogs.

Climate

Rain type classification according to the method of Schmidt and Ferguson (1951) is of type A. Rainfall patterns that occur around the area is a single pattern (pattern A single wave) with the highest peak rainfall season coincides with winter in the northern hemisphere. Classification of agro-climate zones according to the method of Oldeman (1975), including agro-climate zones B1.

Rainfall annual average of 2457.4 mm / year while the number of rainy days for 97 days / year. The intensity of average annual rainfall of 25.33 mm / day (Compilation climate data Meteorological Station Muara Teweh 1992 - 2002).

Average air temperature around the area range between 26.1 ˚ - 26.8 ˚ C, with maximum air temperature ranges between 31.1 ˚ - 32.6 ˚ C while the minimum air temperature ranges between 22.6 ˚ - 23, 3 ˚ C. Air humidity annual average ranges between 82.6% - 85.4%.

Topography

Topography conservation Nature Reserve Bukit Sapat Hawung by Slope Class Map scale 1: 500,000 from the Institute for Forestry Planning III in 1980 is generally undulating to severe and steep slope between 25% to 45%, partly very steep in some specific areas with a landscape shaped steep cliffs and steep.

Hill Nature Reserve area Sapat Hawung a mountainous region (Stone Ayau, Pacungapang, Sapat Hawung) which extends from east to west, when seen from the height comprised 24% of the total area at an altitude of 200-500 meters above sea level, particularly in the area the southern border with Limited Production Forest Area, 49.46% are located at an altitude of 600-1000 meters above sea level and 26.53% are located at an altitude of 1100-1850 meters above sea level on the northern part of the adjacent province of East Kalimantan.

Geology and Soil

type of soil conservation Sapat Hawung Hill Nature Reserve consists of podzolic type (Tropudults) covering 34,283 hectares with the spread on the areas flat to somewhat steep, while and kind kambisol (Dystropepts) reached 162 685 hectares area.
Geological formations include limestone hill region, which forms karst topography, especially around the peak Sapat Hawung of caves in the walls and bottom of the hill. In some places the rock consists of sandstone and kuartzit that make up a typical soil. In general, land area Sapat Hawung Nature Reserve is a series of complex podzolic clay content with depth and very varied.

Hydrology

Hill Nature Reserve area Sapat Hawung is upstream of the Barito River which flows from Central Kalimantan to the South Kalimantan and empties into the Java Sea, and also flow through several rivers in the province of East Kalimantan. Hulu Barito river is flowing from the Northeast to Southwest direction and empties the Barito River. The rivers flowing current is fairly swift, rocky river bottom with steep cliffs and numerous rapids / cascade (35 major rapids, 65 small rapids).

Tributaries within and around the area of ​​nature reserve area of ​​Bukit Sapat Hawung include river Maggots, Kapuai, Talun, Reed, Bajoit, Takurieh, Keramu, Busang, Isam and Nahuwang. Tributaries, the average width ranges between 20-30 meters with a depth between 1-2 meters.

Source: rimbawan.or.id